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Sumatran elephant
The Sumatran elephant (''Elephas maximus sumatranus'') is one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to the Indonesia island of Sumatra. In 2011, the Sumatran elephant has been classified as critically endangered by IUCN as the population has declined by at least 80% over the last three generations, estimated to be about 75 years. The subspecies is pre-eminently threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and poaching; over 69% of potential elephant habitat has been lost within the last 25 years. Much of the remaining forest cover is in blocks smaller than , which are too small to contain viable elephant populations.
== Characteristics ==
In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like process. Their back is convex or level. Females are usually smaller than males, and have short or no tusks.〔Shoshani, J., Eisenberg, J.F. (1982) (''Elephas maximus'' ). Mammalian Species 182: 1–8〕
Sumatran elephants reach a shoulder height of between , weigh between , and have 20 pairs of ribs. Their skin color is lighter than of ''maximus'' and ''indicus'' with least depigmentation.〔Shoshani, J. (2006) (''Taxonomy, Classification, and Evolution of Elephants'' ) In: Fowler, M. E., Mikota, S. K. (eds.) Biology, medicine, and surgery of elephants. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0813806763. Pp. 3–14〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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